Continuous data of soils CO₂ efflux can improve model predictions of climate warming and automated data is becoming increasingly available. However, aggregating chamber-based data to plot scale poses challenges. Therefore, we showed using one year of half-hourly data how using the lognormal assumption tackles several challenges. We propose that plot-scale SO₂ efflux observations should be reported together with lognormally based uncertainties and enter model constraining frameworks at log-scale.

A novel airborne sensing platform was developed for meteorological and land surface temperature measurements. The system is called the Tethered And Navigated Air Blimp (TANAB). This system was deployed at a complex mining facility in northern Canada to measure dynamics of the atmosphere in various diurnal times, latitudes, longitudes, and altitudes. It measured convective, neutral, and stable boundary layers up to 150 m. It also measured land surface temperatures at a resolution of 1 km by 1 km.

Fluxgate magnetometers provide magnetic field measurements for geophysics and space physics. A low-noise ferromagnetic ring-core typically determines the noise performance of the instrument. Much of the basic research into producing low-noise fluxgate sensors was completed in the 1960s for military purposes and was never publicly released. We present a manufacturing approach that can consistently produce fluxgate ring-cores with noise performance comparable to the legacy ring-cores used today.

Nowadays ocean-bottom observatories, equipped with acceleration and pressure gauges (seismometers and tsunameters), became widespread. We suggest simple and reliable method for remote testing the calibration of the gauges installed at the ocean bottom. The method is extremely convenient for practice, since, besides measured quantities, it involves a sole physical constant – the gravity acceleration.

A universal data model is a core to converge the big geoanalytical data. We studied every geoanalytical instruments, geological samples and geoanalytical results and give a summarization of comprehensive geoanalytical data. We abstracted the data contents and designed the data model. It can be used for construction of any geoanalytical data management system, data sharing system or database by professional or amateurish developers. Morever, we highly improved the efficiency of the data model.

The non-uniqueness of geophysical inversions, which is based on a single geophysical method, is a long-standing problem in geophysical exploration. This paper developed a distributed, multi-channel, and high-precision data acquisition system. It can achieve high-precision hybrid acquisition of seismic-electrical data and monitor the real-time quality of data acquisition processes using NB-IoT technology. The equivalent input noise is 0.5 µV and the synchronization accuracy is within 200 ns.

Complex and harsh exploration environments have put forward higher requirements for traditional geophysical exploration methods and instruments. In this study, a new distributed seismic-electrical hybrid acquisition station is developed, and it can achieve high-precision hybrid acquisition of seismic-electrical data. The synchronization precision of the acquisition station is better than 200 ns, and the maximum low-power data transmission speed is 16 Mbps along a 55 m cable.

A software application for streamlining investigations of the Martian atmosphere is described. The main components are a 1D model of the Martian atmosphere, observations of the Martian atmosphere and a software wrapper. We verify our model using the application. The model and observations agree except over the winter solstice where mechanical heating of the atmosphere, from downward flowing air, is likely warming the atmosphere. We update our model to include this effect.