A novel airborne sensing platform was developed for meteorological and land surface temperature measurements. The system is called the Tethered And Navigated Air Blimp (TANAB). This system was deployed at a complex mining facility in northern Canada to measure dynamics of the atmosphere in various diurnal times, latitudes, longitudes, and altitudes. It measured convective, neutral, and stable boundary layers up to 150 m. It also measured land surface temperatures at a resolution of 1 km by 1 km.

Fluxgate magnetometers provide magnetic field measurements for geophysics and space physics. A low-noise ferromagnetic ring-core typically determines the noise performance of the instrument. Much of the basic research into producing low-noise fluxgate sensors was completed in the 1960s for military purposes and was never publicly released. We present a manufacturing approach that can consistently produce fluxgate ring-cores with noise performance comparable to the legacy ring-cores used today.

Nowadays ocean-bottom observatories, equipped with acceleration and pressure gauges (seismometers and tsunameters), became widespread. We suggest simple and reliable method for remote testing the calibration of the gauges installed at the ocean bottom. The method is extremely convenient for practice, since, besides measured quantities, it involves a sole physical constant – the gravity acceleration.

A universal data model is a core to converge the big geoanalytical data. We studied every geoanalytical instruments, geological samples and geoanalytical results and give a summarization of comprehensive geoanalytical data. We abstracted the data contents and designed the data model. It can be used for construction of any geoanalytical data management system, data sharing system or database by professional or amateurish developers. Morever, we highly improved the efficiency of the data model.

The non-uniqueness of geophysical inversions, which is based on a single geophysical method, is a long-standing problem in geophysical exploration. This paper developed a distributed, multi-channel, and high-precision data acquisition system. It can achieve high-precision hybrid acquisition of seismic-electrical data and monitor the real-time quality of data acquisition processes using NB-IoT technology. The equivalent input noise is 0.5 µV and the synchronization accuracy is within 200 ns.

Complex and harsh exploration environments have put forward higher requirements for traditional geophysical exploration methods and instruments. In this study, a new distributed seismic-electrical hybrid acquisition station is developed, and it can achieve high-precision hybrid acquisition of seismic-electrical data. The synchronization precision of the acquisition station is better than 200 ns, and the maximum low-power data transmission speed is 16 Mbps along a 55 m cable.

A software application for streamlining investigations of the Martian atmosphere is described. The main components are a 1D model of the Martian atmosphere, observations of the Martian atmosphere and a software wrapper. We verify our model using the application. The model and observations agree except over the winter solstice where mechanical heating of the atmosphere, from downward flowing air, is likely warming the atmosphere. We update our model to include this effect.

Measurements from the magnetic field instrument on the Cassiope spacecraft were found to be degraded by an artifact of how the instrument tracks the changing magnetic field as the spacecraft orbits the Earth. We present a process to characterize this effect on-orbit and compensate for it in the post processing of the data. This work allows the instrument to accurately track rapidly changing local fields without loss of measurement fidelity and improves the high-frequency noise of the data.

Towards the complex observation requirements of Fengyun-4 (FY-4) satellite, the new generation of geostationary meteorological satellite of China, instrument observation strategies are proposed, on which the instruments' in orbit daily observations must be based. The strategies have been successfully used in FY-4A in-orbit test for more than a year. Both the simulation results and in-orbit application results are given to demonstrate the validity of the strategies.

Daedalus targets to measure the largely unexplored area between Earth's atmosphere and space. Here, intriguing and complex processes govern the deposition, transformation and transport of energy. The aim is to quantify this energy by measuring, for example, effects caused by electrodynamic processes in this region. The concept is based on a mother satellite which carries a suite of instruments along with smaller satellites carrying a subset of instruments that are released into the atmosphere.

The CUGB-CS48DAS data acquisition system was designed for seismic purpose at first. However, we tried to integrate the acquisition circuit and after several hardware improvements and software updates, it can be used now for seismic exploration as well as electrical prospecting. It has good application effects in engineering geology, mineral geology and energy geology, and is suitable for exploration tasks in coalfields, petroleum, minerals, earthquake monitoring and urban construction, etc.

Measuring the magnetic field on-board spacecraft requires regular in-flight calibrations activities. Among those, determining of the output of magnetometers under vanishing ambient magnetic fields, the so-called magnetometer offsets, is essential. Typically, characteristic rotations in solar wind magnetic fields are used to obtain these offsets. This paper addresses the question of how much solar wind data are needed to reach certain accuracy levels in offset determination.