In this paper, we present an approach to represent underlying errors in measurements and physical models in the temporal gravity field determination using GRACE observations. This study provides an opportunity to improve the error model and the accuracy of the GRACE parameter estimation, as well as its successor, GRACE Follow-On.

We present the design considerations, and deployment of an autonomous modular terrestrial rover for ice-sheet exploration that is inexpensive, easy to construct, and allows for instrumentation customization. The rover proved capable of driving over 20km on a single charge with a drawbar pull of 250N, sufficient to tow commercial ground-penetrating radars. Due to its low cost, low-power requirements, and simple modular design, mass deployments of this rover design are practicable.

Observations of the stable isotopes of water vapor by high-resolution ground-based Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provide information on study of the variation of the atmospheric water vapor at Hefei site. In this paper, the percentage of atmospheric H₂O(X_H2O) and HDO (X_HDO) have been retrieved based on a high-resolution ground-based FTIR at Hefei site, and also calculated the stable isotopes of water composition δD. The time series of X_H2O were compared with the Greenhouse gase.

Our knowledge of the Earth's magnetic field arises from magnetic signals stored in lavas. In rugged volcanic terrain, however, the magnetization of the underlying flows may influence the magnetic field as recorded by newly formed flows on top. To measure these local magnetic anomalies, we developed a low-cost field magnetometer with superior accuracy and user-friendliness. The first measurements on Mt. Etna show local magnetic variations that are much larger than expected.

The materials of this research paper are intended for specialists (magnetologists) engaged in tasks of digital processing of geomagnetic field measurements. The technique is discussed, that can help to reduce the errors in measurements and can be applied in various tasks of digital processing of geomagnetic data from vector mgnetoneters and other three-component physical data. The results of the tests of the corresponded processing algorithm are provided in the study.

IZA is a high-mountain station located in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain; at 28.3° N, 16.5° W, 2373 m a.s.l.) and is a representative site of the subtropical North Atlantic free troposphere. It contributes with basic-BSRN radiation measurements, such as, global shortwave radiation, direct radiation, diffuse radiation and longwave downward radiation and extended-BSRN measurements, including ultraviolet ranges, shortwave upward radiation and longwave.

We highlight the development of a low cost portable sensor array to study magnetic fields in urban areas. Recent advancements in urban science have demonstrated significant utility of characterizing a city based on physical measurements. Magnetic fields of cities are characterized by significant noise, in the case of the San Francisco Bay Area, this noise is dominated by the BART train system. We demonstrate an ability to identify and extract BART noise from the urban magnetic environment.