This paper describes GRUAN's strategy to a network-wide change in the operational radiosonde, from Vaisala RS92 to RS41. GRUAN's main goal is providing long-term data records that are free of inhomogeneities due to instrumental effects, which requires proper change management. The approach is to fully characterize the differences between both radiosonde types, using a.o. laboratory tests, twin soundings, ancillary data, and by drawing from the various fields of expertise available in GRUAN.

This paper developed a drilling trajectory measuring instrumentation (DTMI) based on the interference fiber optic gyro (FOG), which can work continuously, for 4 hours, in an environment where the ambient temperature does not exceed 270 °C and the pressure does not exceed 120 MPa in ultra-deep borehole. The DTMI has the characteristic of anti-electromagnetic interference, therefore，this DTMI has great potential in the promotion and development of geological drilling technology.

We report the results from the deployment of a newly developed in situ sensor for dissolved gases measurements. Its adaptation to high gas concentrations and dissolved gas pressures was proven. The campaign leads to a first continuous profile of methane on the first 150 m, and allowed to compare the data with previous measurements. The fast response of the instrument makes this technique a good candidate for regular monitoring of those type of lakes, for anticipating disastrous gas eruptions.

Soil moisture plays a key role in the hydrological cycle and the climate system. Although soil moisture can be observed by the means of satellites, ground observations are still crucial for evaluating and improving these satellite products. In this study, we investigate the performance of a consumer low-cost soil moisture sensor in the lab and in the field. We demonstrate that this sensor can be used for scientific applications, for example to create a dataset valuable for satellite validation.

Middle Frequency radars measure winds (between 55 & 100 km altitude). As part of their final year undergraduate project, the lead author used 2 radars in Antarctica to look at how the wind speed varied with the aim of identifying when the wind was too fast to be a real measurement. Instead we discovered that the variance depends strongly on factors in the analysis technique rather than due to natural features such as gravity waves, and that the sun and geomagnetic activity play a role.

We present the development of the RIPLE platform designed for the monitoring at high temporal frequency (~ 10 min) of water discharge, solid fluxes (bedload and suspended load) and properties of fine particles (settling velocity) in mesoscale rivers. Many instruments are integrated in this single, centralized device which is autonomous in energy and connected to the 2G/3G network. A user-friendly interface has been developed enabling to visualize the data collected by the platform.

K index, characterizing the local geomagnetic activity, is generally automatically calculated by algorithms such as KASM, provided and recommended by INTERMAGNET. KASM requires an appropriate K9 value, specific for each observatory. We analyze K values for Italian observatories comparing them with historical German observatories, to establish the best K9 estimation for our stations. A comparison with results from a previous empirical method shows the consistency and reliability of our outcomes.

GPS Drifters that float down rivers are important tools in studying rivers, but can be expensive. Recently both GPS receivers and GSM modems have become available at lower prices to tinkering scientists due to the rise of the Open Hardware revolution and the Arduino. We provide detailed instructions on how to build a Low Power GPS drifter with local storage and GSM model that we tested in a fieldwork in Myanmar. These instructions allow fellow geoscientists to recreate the device.

This study has been carried out within the scope of the project supported by ITU, Afyon Kocatepe and Hitit Universities. The data were obtained from annual GPS campaigns. With this study, the actual velocity field of the region was revealed and the deformations of the region were tried to be determined. In particular, the creep, which is a rare phenomenon in tectonic, was studied in order to understand its mechanism and whether it is in the region or not.

Based on existing ocean bottom E-field receiver (OBE) specifications, including low noise levels, low power consumption, and low clock-drift error, we integrated two induction coils for the magnetic sensor and a three-axis omnidirectional geophone for the seismic sensor and assembled an ultra-short base line (USBL) transponder as the position sensor, which improved position accuracy and operational efficiency while reducing field data acquisition costs.