The raw output of spacecraft magnetometers has to be converted into meaningful units and coordinate systems, before it is usable for scientific applications. This conversion is defined by 12 calibration parameters, 8 of which are more easily determined in flight if the spacecraft is spinning. We present theory and advanced algorithms to determine these 8 parameters. They take into account the physical magnetometer/spacecraft behavior, making them superior to previously published algorithms.

We measure spectra of upper atmospheric emissions in optical wavelengths using the High Throughput Imaging Echelle Spectrograph (HiTIES), located on Svalbard. These spectra contain superposed emissions originating from different altitudes. In this paper, we describe a fitting method which allows us to separate the measured emissions, thus allowing us to measure neutral temperatures at different altitudes, as well as the density of water vapour in the atmosphere above the instrument.

Terrestrial photogrammetry is the approach by which measurements are derived from images. It is a rapidly growing method in glaciology, providing detailed records of glacier change. However, glacial photogrammetry toolboxes are limited currently. PyTrx (freely available online) has been developed here as a Python-alternative toolbox with wider capabilities for deriving velocities, areas, and line measurements. Examples are presented throughout using time-lapse imagery from glaciers in Svalbard.

Climate change studies are growing and related experiments are getting bigger and more complex. They are often conducted in remote areas where communications are limited. In cases like that the data can be transferred via a satellite connection, but this type of connections are slow. We found that using little known possibilities of LoggerNet software (most popular data logger software in environmental science) it is possible transfer quite large amount of data.

The current article focus on the plant diversity assessment in arid environments. Species Richness and Species Evenness equations were used to meet the artic objectives. The use of remote sensing techniques in term of Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI) temporal changes. Two datasets were used to realize the NDVI and Post Chance Detection (PCC) techniques were used to evaluate the plant diversity status over a period of 4 years. Results showed a recognizable loss in plant biodiversity.

This paper presents a novel method to quantify the sizes and frequency of calving events from time-lapse camera imageries. The calving front of a tidewater glacier experiences different episodes of iceberg deliveries that can be captured by a time-lapse camera situated in front of the glacier. An automatic way of detecting calving events is presented here and compared to manually detected events.

Historical surveys performed through the use of aerial photography gave us the first maps of the arctic. Nearly a century later, a renewed interest in studying the Arctic is rising from the need to understand and quantify climate change. It is therefore time to dig up the archives and extract the maximum of information from the images using the most modern methods. In this study, we show that the aerial survey of Svalbard in 1936–38 provides us with valuable data on the archipelago's glaciers.