This paper describes new humidity measurements that have been performed with the humidity instruments of the MSL, Mars 2020 and ExoMars missions. Special facilities are needed in order to create Martian conditions and a measurement campaign was performed at DLR to obtain data sets for REMS-H, MEDA HS and METEO-H instruments. The results from this campaign have improved the humidity data we receive from MEDA HS/Perseverance, and it can further improve the existing Martian relative humidity data.

The 1-D column model has been used extensively in studying the Martian atmosphere at various landing sites. In this study, we investigated the sensitivity of the column model to its initial parameters. The results of the model were compared with Curiosity rover measurements. Initial value of airborne dust and surface temperature had the greatest influence on the temperature prediction, while the initial value of atmospheric moisture modified the humidity prediction the most.

Combining short-time forecast models, standardized interfaces to a wide range of environment detectors and a flexible user access interface, CITYZER provides decision-making authorities and private citizens with reliable information about the near-future development of critical environmental parameters like air quality and rain. The system can be easily adapted to different areas or different parameters. Alarms for critical situations can be set and used to support authority decisions.

This paper provides an overview of the HLRADIA shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) broadband radiation schemes used in the HIRLAM numerical weather prediction (NWP) model and available in the HARMONIE-AROME mesoscale NWP model. The advantage of broadband, over spectral, schemes is that they can be called more frequently within the NWP model, without compromising on computational efficiency. Fast physically based radiation parametrizations are also valuable for high-resolution ensemble forecasting.

The new wind reconstruction algorithm developed in this article extends the amount of available sols from the Viking Lander 1 (VL1) mission from 350 to 2245. The reconstruction of wind measurement data enables the study of both short-term phenomena, such as daily variations in wind conditions or dust devils, and long-term phenomena, such as the seasonal variations in Martian tides.